Use of ChatGPT in Urology and its Relevance in Clinical Practice: Is it useful?

PURPOUSE: One of the many artificial intelligence based tools that has gained popularity is the Chat-Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT). Due to its popularity, incorrect information provided by ChatGPT will have an impact on patient misinformation. Furthermore, it may cause misconduct as ChatGPT can mislead physicians on the decision-making pathway. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT answers regarding urological diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ChatGPT 3.5 version was used. The questions asked for the program involved Primary Megaureter (pMU), Enuresis and Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR). There were three queries for each topic. The queries were inserted twice, and both responses were recorded to examine the reproducibility of ChatGPT's answers. Afterwards, both answers were combined. Finally, those rwere evaluated qualitatively by a board of three specialists. A descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ChatGPT simulated general knowledge on the researched topics. Regarding Enuresis, the provided definition was partially correct, as the generic response allowed for misinterpretation. For VUR, the response was considered appropriate. For pMU it was partially correct, lacking essential aspects of its definition such as the diameter of the dilatation of the ureter. Unnecessary exams were suggested, for Enuresis and pMU. Regarding the treatment of the conditions mentioned, it specified treatments for Enuresis that are ineffective, such as bladder training. Therefore, ChatGPT responses present a combination of accurate information, but also incomplete, ambiguous and, occasionally, misleading details.

Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias: A literature review.

The tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty or Snodgrass procedure has gained worldwide acceptance for distal hypospadias repair due to its low complication rate, good cosmetic result, and technical simplicity. As a result, several articles have been published concerning various aspects and subtle variations of this procedure. The aim of this review is to critically and systematically analyze the published complication rates of TIP repair for distal hypospadias in children. We also reviewed the surgical modifications that have been introduced to the original technique and discussed the potential impact on the final outcome of the Snodgrass procedure.

Mobilização total do seio urogenital para tratamento da genitália ambígua em crianças com hiperplasia adrenal congênita / Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of ambiguous genitalia in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A abordagem cirúrgica das pacientes com hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) é um desafio e envolve controvérsias. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os resultados da correção da genitália em 10 crianças 46 XX com HAC, pela técnica de mobilização total do seio urogenital (MUT), em tempo único. A idade, por ocasião do tratamento cirúrgico, variou de 11 a 78 meses (média= 32 meses) e o seguimento pós-operatório de 15 a 36 meses (média= 26 meses). O aspecto estético foi considerado bom em 7, com uretra e vagina bem exteriorizados no vestíbulo, e satisfatório em 3. Após o acompanhamento médio de 26 meses, a técnica de MUT, por via perineal, sem divisão do reto, se mostrou eficaz para o tratamento da genitália ambígua em crianças com HAC.

[Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of ambiguous genitalia in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. / Mobilização total do seio urogenital para tratamento da genitália ambígua em crianças com hiperplasia adrenal congênita.

The surgical approach to patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been a challenge and it is still controversial. The aim of this study was to review 10 children with 46,XX CAH who underwent one-stage total urogenital sinus mobilization (TUM). Age at operation ranged from 11 to 78 months (mean= 32) and the follow-up from 15 to 36 months (mean= 26). Cosmetic results were good in 7 patients and satisfactory in 3. After a mean follow-up of 26 months, our results showed that TUM was a good option to repair ambiguous genitalia in children with CAH.

Cisto do colédoco na criança: experiência de 15 anos / Choledochal cyst in children: a is year experience

Este trabalho relata a experiência do Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG com 19 crianças com cisto do colédoco, no período de 1984 a 1998. Das 19 crianças, oito eram lactentes (até dois anos de idade) e 11 tinham mais de dois anos de idade. O cisto do colédoco é uma dilatação cística rara da árvore biliar e que se manifesta, na grande maioria dos casos, em crianças. O quadro clínico varia de acordo com a faixa etária. Dos oito lactentes, sete apresentavam icterícia, coluna e hipocolia fecal; das 11 crianças acima de dois anos, apenas três mostravam a triade clássica de icterícia, dor e massa abdominal. Dezoito crianças (94%) foram submetidas à excisão do cisto e da vesícula, associada à hepaticojejunostomia em Y de Roux, sendo que em duas delas, devido à severa inflamação pericística, fez-se a ressecçao intramural do cisto. Em um paciente, também com grave inflamação pericística, fez-se apenas cistojejunostomia em Y de Roux e colecistectomia.

This paper reports on the experience of the Pediatric Surgery Service of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais regarding the treatment of choledochal cyst in 19 children during a 15 year period and compares the results with those of the literature.The choledochal cyst is a rare cystic dilatation of the biliary tree that occurs most often during childhood. The clinical presentation varies depending upon the age. Of the eigth infants, seven presented with jaundice and acholic stools. Three of the11 children over two years of age showed the classic triad of jaundice, pain and abdominal mass. Choledochal cyst excision with Roux en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 18 children (94%). Two of them underxvent the mucosectomy technique. In one case, we performed a cistojejunostomy.

Emprego da bolsa plástica de transferência de hemoderivados no tratamento da gastrosquise / Utilization of a hemoderivates plastic bag for the treatment of gastroschisis

Os autores apresentam a sua experiência com a utilizaçäo da bolsa plástica de PVC (cloreto de polivinila), usada na transferência de hemoderivados, como prótese na confecçäo do silo para o tratamento cirúrgico da gastrosquise, em quatro recém-nascidos. Essa bolsa plástica é estéril, impermeável aos microorganismos, transparente, flexível, resistente, lisa internamente e näo aderente às alças, de fácil aquisiçäo e de baixo custo; características que a tornam excelente alternativa como prótese para o tratamento cirúrgico estadiado das anomalias congênitas da parede abdominal, como gastrosquise e a onfalocele. Os autores ressaltam ainda a importância da equipe multidisciplinar no atendimento a recém-nascidos com gastrosquise, para que haja bom exito pós-operatório.